Italy works differently. Public university tuition for non-EU students is usually assessed case by case through an income declaration (an ISEE Parificato for foreign students), so the fee you actually pay depends on your family’s declared income and the specific university’s fee bands — it is not a single national number. This can work in your favour if your declared income is low, but it makes Italy harder to budget for in advance compared with Germany’s flatter, more predictable structure. Always get the exact fee band from your specific Italian university’s international office before assuming a figure.